A colonoscopy procedure enables your doctor to examine the lining of your colon (large intestine) for abnormalities by inserting a flexible tube into the rectum and slowly advancing it through the colon. A colonoscopy is well-tolerated, and you are asleep throughout the procedure.
The American Cancer Society recently changed their recommended age for first colon screening for average-risk patients from 50 to 45. This change was made, in large part, because of the rise in colorectal incidence rates in a younger population over the last few years.
A colonoscopy is recommended for everyone age 45 or above. Polyps are known to develop by this time.
Polyps are abnormal growths in the colon lining that are usually benign and non-cancerous. They vary in size from a tiny dot to several inches. Your doctor will send removed polyps for analysis because he or she cannot always tell a benign polyp from a malignant (cancerous) polyp by its outer appearance. Because cancer begins in polyps, removing them is an important and effective means of preventing colorectal cancer.
If you have a family history of polyps or colon cancer, or you are experiencing blood in your stool, problems with digestion or abdominal pain, you may need a colonoscopy before age 50.